Penology and the Corrections System

1. Although the primary mapping of corrections is to restrain away the criminal sentence (Clear, Cole, and Reising 8), the administration is actually responsible for managing persons from the epoch they atomic number 18 accused of a criminal offense until they are tried and afterwards, if they are convicted and sentenced. A sentence can be community service, drug intervention, probation, jail, or prison; or a combination of two or more of these. Therefore, the corrections corpse is made up of some(prenominal) public and private agencies and departments to succeed the myriad programs, services, and institutions required to carry out the different sentences possible. It is unmixed that corrections is a massive system that necessarily encompasses several(prenominal) public and private agencies to effect its responsibilities of carrying out sentences.\n\n2. Throughout the history of North America attempts at social control put up gone back and forward from methods of pun ishment to treatment and rehabilitation. The changes were initiated by tradition, religious beliefs, social change, advanced research, or because the then up-to-date method wasnt working. anterior to the 1970s, the rate of prison universe of discourse was mostly stable at approximately 90 to one hundred twenty inmates per 100,000 citizens (Clear, Cole, and Reising 4). In the 1970s a team of correctional researchers think that ensample of rehabilitation cosmos utilized was not having whatsoever positive effect on recidivism. In 1974, Richard Martinson, a process of that research team, became known for manifestation nothing works with disc over to correctional treatment (Fry 2010). The treatment paradigm shifted to a get-tough model; more and interminable prison sentences for offenders. Subsequently, the U.S. experienced tremendous, uninterrupted ripening in prison populations for over 30 years. Crime rate appeared to have little to do with the increases. Crime policies such as three strikes laws, mandatory minimum, longer sentences, and zero tolerance caused a lot of the g...